Footnotes for "Becoming An American"

1 Jasso, G.; Massey, D.S.; Rosenzweig, M.R.; Smith, J.P. 1997. The New Immigrant Survey [NIS] Pilot Study: Preliminary Results. Paper presented at the Joint Meeting of the Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics and the Data Users Conference, Washington, DC. (July.)

2 The U.S. Current Population Survey [CPS] permits us to compare directly to the native­born, but the foreign­born data do not distinguish by admission status. The CPS data also include illegal aliens who have extremely low levels of education in the foreign­born category. See: Fix, M.; Passel, J.S. 1994. Immigration and Immigrants: Setting the Record Straight. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute. These figures for the diversity class of admission correspond to data on education collected by the U.S. Department of State for diversity immigrants only. 3 The initial results from the NIS pilot show that about 40 percent of adult nonexempt family immigrants are not employed. Alternatively, more than 95 percent of employment­based principals are employed. The INS admission figures for "no occupation" include children and persons who are unemployed, retired, or for whom no information is given.

4 National Research Council. (Smith, J.P.; Edmonston, B. eds.). 1997. The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 5 Muller, T. 1993. Immigrants and the American City. New York: New York University Press. Winnick, L. 1990. New People in Old Neighborhoods: The Role of New Immigrants in Rejuvenating New York's Communities. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 6 Greenwood, M.; Tienda, M. 1997. U.S. Impacts of Mexican Immigration. Team Report to Mexico/United States Binational Study on Migration. Greenwood, J.; Hunt, G.L. 1995. Economic Effects of Immigrants on Native and Foreign­Born Workers: Complementarity, Sustitutability, and Other Channels of Influence. Southern Economic Journal. 61:4 1096. 7 Waldinger, R. 1996. Still the Promised City? African Americans and New Immigrants in Postindustrial New York. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Waldinger, R.; Bozorgmehr, M. 1996. Ethnic Los Angeles. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 8 Hamermesh, D.S.; Bean, F.D. (eds.) 1998 forthcoming. Help or Hinderance? Immigration and Its Economic Implications for African Americans. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 9 Taylor, E.; Martin, P.; Fix, M. 1997. Poverty Amidst Prosperity: Immigration and the Changing Face of Rural California. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press. U.S. General Accounting Office. 1995. Illegal Aliens: National Cost Estimates Vary Widely. Washington, DC. 6. Clark, R.; Passel, J.S.; Zimmermann, W.N.; Fix, M.E. 1994. Fiscal Impacts of Undocumented Aliens: Selected Estimates for Seven States. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press. 10 See: Espenshade, T. 1997. Keys to Successful Immigration: Implications of the New Jersey Experience. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press. 11 Chiswick, B.R. (ed.). 1992. Immigration, Language, and Ethnicity. Washington, DC: The AEI Press. 229­96. 12 Rivera­Batiz, F.L. 1992. English Language Proficiency and the Earnings of Young Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market. Policy Studies Review 11:165­75. 13 National Research Council. 1997. The New Americans: Economic, Demographic and Fiscal Effects on Immigration. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 14 U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1996. Current Population Reports. (Feb.). Edmonston, B.; Passel, J.S. (eds.). 1994. Immigration and Ethnicity: The Integration of American's Newest Arrivals. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press. 15 Simon, J. 1994. More People, Greater Wealth, More Resources, Healthier Environment. Economic Affairs (April) 22­29. 16 Beck, R. 1994. Re­Charting America's Future: Responses to Arguments Against Stabilizing U.S. Population and Limiting Immigration. Petoskey, MI: The Social Contract Press. 17 U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. 1995. Mesa, Arizona U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform roundtable. U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform 1997. Site visit to Garden City, Kansas. 18 Abernethy, V. 1994. Population Politics. New York: Insight Press. 19 Kraly, E.P. 1995. U.S. Immigration and the Environment: Scientific Research and Analytic Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. 20 Taylor, E.; Martin, P.; Fix, M. 1997. Poverty Amidst Prosperity: Immigration and the Changing Face of Rural California. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press. 21 Weiner, M. 1992. Security, Stability, and International Migration. International Security 17:3 (Winter) 91­126. 22 Schwartz, M.L.; Notini, J. 1994. Desertification and Migration: Mexico and the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. 23 National Heritage Institute. 1997. Environmental Degradation and Migration: The U.S./Mexico Case Study. Report prepared for the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. 24 Catanese, A. 1990/91. Haiti's Refugees: Political, Economic, Environmental. (Paper 17). San Francisco: Natural Heritage Institute; Indianapolis: Universities Field Staff International. 25 The Commission for the Study of International Migration and Cooperative Economic Development. 1990. Unauthorized Migration: An Economic Development Response. Washington, DC.